不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米产量及生长发育的影响.pdfVIP

玉 米科学2009 ，17(2)：60～63 Journal of Maize Sciences 文章编号：1005- 0906(2009)02- 0060- 04 不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米产量 及生长发育的影响 1 2 3 1 1 1 白向历 ，孙世贤 ，杨国航 ，刘 明 ，张振平 ，齐 华 (1.沈阳农业大学，沈阳 110161；2.全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100026； 3.北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心，北京 100097) 摘 要：不同生育时期水分胁迫的研究结果表明，任何生育时期的土壤干旱均会导致玉米减产，其中抽雄吐丝 期水分胁迫减产最重，其次是拔节期，苗期相对较轻。苗期水分胁迫使玉米子粒的“库”形成受到一定阻碍，但由于后 期仍维持较大的绿叶面积，复水后可迅速补偿由于前期水分胁迫所减少的生长量，减产较轻。拔节期水分胁迫导致 植株矮化，穗位高降低，从而使产量降低。抽雄吐丝期是玉米的水分临界期，干旱可导致散粉至吐丝期间隔(ASI)加 大，致使花期不遇，穗粒数大幅度下降，从而严重影响玉米的产量。 关键词：玉米；生育时期；水分胁迫；产量 中图分类号：S513.01 文献标识码：A Effect of Water Stress on Maize Yield During Different Growing Stages 1 2 3 1 1 1 BAI Xiang- li , SUN Shi- xian , YANG Guo- hang , LIU Ming , ZHANG Zhen- ping , QI Hua (1. College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161; 2. National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026; 3. Maize Research Centre, Beijing Academy of Agricultural ＆ Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China) Abstract: The result of maize experiment with water stress in different growing stages showed that soil drought stress could lead to yield decreasing in any growing stages. The yield decreased most in tisseling and silking stage un- der water stress, next in jointing stage, and the affect of seeding stage was faintish comparatively. Although water stress could restrict the sink formation of maize seed, the later stage could maintain large leaf area. Re- watering could rapid- ly compensate the growth increment in prophase stage with water stress. Water stress in booting stage may lead