小学英语语法专题.doc

小 学 英 语 语 法 与 训 练 一、 动词: ①动词+s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, play-plays look-looks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies ②动词加ing的变化规则（现在进行时） 1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking watch-watching… 2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping ③动词过去式变化规则： 1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked climb-climbed 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 附：不规则动词过去式 am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat…… ④否定句 在动词be（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going tohave a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加 doesn’t，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形。例如：例如：Be动词引导。Be动词提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. ② 由Do/Does引导。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 如：Does she go(原形)to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.㈡特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词：how(怎样，询问方式)， what（什么）， when（什么时候，询问时间）， where（哪里，询问地点）， how many（多少，询问可数名词数量）， how much（多少，询问不可数名词数量）， which（哪一个，含选择意义） 如：How does your father usually go to work? ---He usually go to work by bus. What day is it today?—It is Sunday. When are you going to take a trip?—I am going to take a trip tomorrow. When is your birthday?---It is May 5th. Where are you going?---I am going to ShangHai. What is Mike going to do?---He is going to play basketball. What are you doing now?---I am watching TV. Where is your home? ---My home is next to the bookstore. How many apples do you have?—I have a lot of appl