成本理论的应用-英文版.pptVIP

?2002 South-Western Publishing ;;Estimating Short Run Cost Functions;PROBLEMS: 1. Write the cost regression as an equation. 2. Find the AC and MC functions.;What Went Wrong With Boeing?;;;Electrical Utility Example;QUESTIONS: 1. Are utilities constant returns to scale? 2. Are coefficients statistically significant? 3. Test the hypothesis: Ho: b = 1.;A n s w e r s;Cement Mix Processing Plants;Discussion;Engineering Cost Approach;Survivor Technique;Break-even Analysis D.O.L;The Break-even Quantity: Q B/E;Amount of sales revenues that breaks even P?Q B/E = P?[F/(P-v)] = F / [ 1 - v/P ];Target Profit Output;Degree of Operating Leverageor Operating Profit Elasticity;Suppose a contractor builds 45 garages. What is the D.O.L?;DOL as Operating Profit Elasticity;Regression Output;Operating Profit and the Business Cycle;Learning Curve: Appendix 9A;Functionally, the learning curve relationship can be written C = a·Qb, where C is the input cost of the Qth unit: Taking the (natural) logarithm of both sides, we get: log C = log a + b·log Q The coefficient b tells us the extent of the learning curve effect. If the b=0, then costs are at a constant level. If b 0, then costs rise in output, which is exactly opposite of the learning curve effect. If b 0, then costs decline in output, as predicted by the learning curve effect.