一、被动语态的构成形式.doc

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一、被动语态的构成形式

?一、被动语态的构成形式 ?1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 ?被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: ??1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 ?例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.? ?2) has /have been done 现在完成时 ?例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.? ?3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 ?例A new cinema is being built here. ?4) was/were done 一般过去时 ?例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. ?5) had been done? 过去完成时 ?例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.?? ?6) was/were being done 过去进行时 ?例A meeting was being held when I was there. ?7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 ?例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.? ?8) should/would be done 过去将来时 ?例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. ?9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) ?例The project will have been completed before July. ?10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用) ?例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. ?2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 ?1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 ?例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. ??2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 ?例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. ?3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。 ?例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. ?4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。 ?例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. ?5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 ?例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. ? ?3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 ?v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 ?例I dont like being laughed at in the public. ?二、 如何使用被动语态 ?学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 ?1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 ?例? My

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