糖皮质激素20141028.ppt

教师：雷林生 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University; 激素（Hormone，荷尔蒙） 由内分泌腺或内分泌细胞合成、分泌进入血液系统的高效生物活性物质，在体内作为信使传递信息，对机体生理过程起调节作用。 A hormone is a chemical produced and secreted directly into the blood-stream by an endocrine cell or an endocrine gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism. ; Exocrine glands are distinguished by the fact that they excrete their essential products by way of ducts to some environment external to themselves, are they either inside the body or on a surface of the body. Examples: sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, pancreas and liver. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through a duct. Examples: pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. ;;;;②糖皮质激素的C17上有-OH；C11上有=O或有 -OH；;③盐皮质激素的C17上无-OH；C11上无=O或有O与C18相联。;④C1-2为双键以及C6引入-CH3则抗炎作用增强、水盐代谢作用减弱。;⑤C9引入-F，C16引入-CH3或-OH则抗炎作用更强、水盐代谢作用更弱。;Section 1 Glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素类;PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS;Carbohydrate metabolism;Protein metabolism;Fat metabolism;PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS;炎症（inflammation）：具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子所发生的防御反应。可以是感染性炎症，也可以是非感染性炎症。 血管反应是炎症过程的中心环节。 表现为红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍。 通常情况下，炎症是有益的，是人体的自动防御反应，但有时候，炎症也是有害的。;Anti-inflammatory effect of large dose glucocorticoids is very potent. The hormones can inhibit inflammatory reactions caused by various stimuli, such as physical, chemical, biological and allergic stimuli.;In the early stage of inflammation, the hormone has the capacity to reduce exudation, edema, capillary dilation, leukocyte infiltration and phagocytosis. The result of above actions may prominently reduce the inflammatory symptoms. ;In the late stage of inflammation, the hormone inhibits fibroblast and capillary proliferation, slows granulation tissue forming. The result of these actions may avoid formation of adhes