肿瘤免疫学-2013版七年制PPT.ppt

Tumor Immunology;Questions:;Hepatocellular carcinoma;Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;肿瘤就在我们身边！;①知可以战与不可以战者胜，②识众寡之用者胜，③上下同欲者胜，④以虞待不虞者胜，⑤将能而君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。《孙子·谋攻》;Tumor immunology;Evidence for Tumor Immunity;There may be tumor immunity, there was a high frequency of ‘aberrant germs’(tumor), which if not kept in check by the immune system, would overwhelm us. (1906);免疫监视（Immunosurveillance）; 人体的免疫系统具备一套精细的防止肿瘤抗原产生和肿瘤生长的机制，可分为三个阶段： 1.清除 elimination 2. 相持 equilibrium 3. 逃逸 escape ;Phases of Immunoediting: three “E”s;肿瘤免疫学中的“孙子兵法”;一、知彼篇;1.What is Tumor?;Concepts ;Features of cancer cells;2.Etiology of tumor;;Sex hormone;How does a tumor form?;研究表明，肿瘤细胞尽管来源于宿主细胞，但能诱发机体产生免疫应答，这说明肿瘤细胞可能存在着与正常组织细胞不同的抗原成分，即肿瘤抗原。 This is a fundamental issue for tumor immunology and its clinical applications. ;;Concept;肿瘤抗原产生的分子机制;不同机制产生的肿瘤抗原;Classification of tumor antigens;（一）根据肿瘤抗原特异性分类;1) Tumor-Specific Antigen (TSA);;2) Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA);Features of TSA and TAA;（二）根据肿瘤发生情况分类;Raise monoclonal antibodies Use antibodies for diagnosis Use antibodies for therapy Stimulate the in vivo specific responses Specific active treatment Specific passive treatment Adjuvant therapy to augment specific immunity;胚胎抗原是指在胚胎发育阶段由胚胎组织产生的正常成分，在胚胎后期减少，出生后逐渐消失，或仅存留极微量。但当细胞癌变时，此类抗原可重新合成而大量表达，又称为分化抗原。如PSA、黑色素瘤gp100和MART-1等。 可分为两种： 分泌性抗原：Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 肿瘤细胞膜表达抗原：Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ;High CEA level is normally restricted to cells of the gut, pancreas, and liver in the course of 2-6 months of gestation, and low level is found in serum of normal adult(5?g/ml). CEA level of serum is increased in many carcinomas ,such as the colon, pancreas, stomach, and breast. CEA levels in normal individuals are below 2.5 ng/ml, but it increases significantly in certain malignancies, particularly colorectal cancers. It may also rise in some nonmalignant conditions (e.g., chronic cirrhosis, pulmonary emphysema, heavy smoking). Over 4-5-fold of normal levels can be used to predict recurre