土木专业外文翻译----土木工程的发展.docx

Development Tendency and Instructions of Civil EngineeringWith the progress in science and technology and engineering development of the practice of the disciplines of Civil Engineering has developed into a broad connotation, many categories, and the structure of complex integrated system. For example, on civil engineering projects built with the use of facilities in terms of functionality, and some interest for residential purposes；Some production activities; some for land, sea and air transport; some for water utilities; some as a tool for information transmission; some as a means of energy transmission and so on. This requires the integrated use of a variety of civil engineering material conditions in order to meet diverse needs. Civil Engineering has developed a lot of branches, such as housing projects, railway projects, road projects, airport projects, bridge projects, the tunnel and underground engineering, special engineering structures, water supply and drainage works, urban heating for the gas works, port works, water conservancy engineering sciences. Some of these branches, such as water conservancy project, because of their own projects targeted at the growing and specialized scientific and technological development have been divided out from the civil engineering disciplines as an independent system, but they are still largely in common with civil engineering. Civil Sociality are accompanied by the development of human society developed. It reflects the construction of engineering facilities in every historical period of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technical development of the face, thus civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness. Ancient times, people will start to build simple houses, roads, bridges to meet the needs of easy living and production needs. Later, the people in order to adapt to the war, production and dissemination of religious life and the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, t