[医药卫生]烟草危害与戒烟方法.ppt

* 吸烟导致全身多系统的损伤，重点是呼吸系统、心血管系统与生殖系统 戒烟能有效防治冠心病。本图通过戒烟、他汀类药物、beta受体阻滞剂、ACEI和阿司匹林对冠心病死亡率影响的比较，我们看到戒烟降低冠心病的死亡风险高达36％，比其余四种干预措施的效果强。 * * * American Cancer Society. Guide for quitting smoking. Available at: /docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Quitting_Smoking.asp. Accessed September 8, 2005. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sustaining state programs for tobacco control. Data highlights 2004. Available at: /tobacco/datahighlights/Page7.htm. Accessed July 21, 2005. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D. Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American Productivity Audit. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45(12):1234-1246. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004. Available at: /tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htm. Accessed July 23, 2005. American Lung Association. Available at /appendixb.asp. Accessed January 24, 2006. * * So Why Do People Continue to Smoke? Most people smoke because they are addicted to nicotine. Use of nicotine1-3: Causes changes in the brain that make people want to use it despite its deadly potential. Causes unpleasant psychological and physiological withdrawal symptoms when its use is stopped. Historically is one of the hardest substance use dependencies to break. The 1988 Surgeon General’s Report,4 “Nicotine Addiction,” concluded that: Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting. Nicotine is the drug that causes addiction. Pharmacologic and behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine. American Heart Association. Nicotine addiction. Available at: /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4753. Accessed September 30, 2005. Jarvis MJ.