对有效课堂的思考-abbalogcom.PPT

回归基础 ？ 维持能力！   ---最后一个月高三教学的思考 常州市教研室 宋德龙 jyssdl@czedu.gov.cn 主要内容 一. 基础与能力的关系 二. 备考策略 三. 高考的考查内容和试题特点及对2013年高考的分析 常州的做法？ 疑问与启示 疑问一：什么是基础？ 调查显示，60%以上的学生和老师认为英语的基础就是词汇和语法。但是，事实是：在反复强调了词汇和语法后学生的基础还是不扎实，直至高考前夕。 基础的内涵是什么？（以语篇解读为例） The Complex Process of Reading Automatic recognition skills Vocabulary and structural knowledge Formal discourse structure knowledge Content / world background knowledge Synthesis and evaluation skills / strategies Metacognitive knowledge and skills (Grabe 1991, p. 379) What Happens in Reading In reading, “an individual constructs meaning through a transaction with written text that has been created by symbols that represent language. The transaction involves the reader’s acting on or interpreting the text, and the interpretation is influenced by the reader’s past experiences, language background and cultural framework, as well as the reader’s purpose for reading”. (Miller, 2007, p. 130) The mental process of reading Recognize and get meaning of the print Form a mental notion of the topic Form hypotheses or predictions about what has been read and will be read Confirm or reject these predictions if what is seen fits --- go on if what is seen unfits --- reformulate predictions Sampling text --Making hypotheses---Confirming When the process breaks down, reader often must reexamine the process being used and must call upon strategies to repair the process and facilitate comprehension: compensating for a lack of content or language knowledge; changing one’s way of reading: slowing down, rereading or looking for key words. 什么是基础（我们的结论）： 基础知识的内涵：基础应当是指那些静态的、有型的可以通过告知、记忆或机械训练能够掌握的东西，它本质上其实是一种材料的储备(BASE)。它包括知识、技能、方法等内容，而不仅仅只是语言知识，不仅仅是词汇和语法。 基础知识的内涵（以语篇文本为基准） 1. 语法知识(syntactic knowledge) 2. 词汇知识（lexical knowledge) 3. 背景知识 （相关知识和主题的了解熟悉程度） (background knowledge) 4. 比较、假设、因果、转折、承上启下等话语标志(discours