双性化性别特征对个体社会生活影响的研究.doc

双性化性别特征对个体社会生活影响的研究 社会学专业学生 张 倩 指导教师 屈 勇 摘要：本文采用社会调查研究中个案访谈的方法，对具有双性化性别特征的人进行调查，从工作、交友、择偶几个方面来看双性化性别特征对个体的影响。调查显示，双性化性别特征比单一性别特征者（男性气质或女性气质）更具亲和力、灵活性、坚韧与自信的态度，在面对社会压力时适应性更强；同时，由于根深蒂固的性别刻板印象及过度去性征化的关系，双性化性别特征也为个体带来许多负面影响亟待解决。本文认为，男女两性气质是社会文化建构的结果，没有天然的合法性，在这一体系的约束下，男女两性都可能是受害者，而跨越性别局限的双性化性别特征才是社会性别特征的理想类型，应加以正视、提倡和培养。 关键词：社会性别；双性化性别特征；性别刻板印象 Research on the Influence of Androgyny Character to the Social Life of Individual Student Majoring in Sociology Zhang Qian Tutor Qu Yong Abstract：Using the method of personal interview, this paper investigates people who have the androgyny character, and depicts the influence of androgyny character to the individual, from the aspects of working, friends making and spouse choosing. The investigation result shows that people who have androgyny character show more appetency, agility and aptitudes of diligence, and self-confidence than that of single gender characteristic, also they show much adaptability while being confronted with social pressure. At the same time, there are many problems need to be resolved urgently for people of androgyny character, for the influence of the bred-in-the-bone gender stereotypes. We believe, the androgyny character is the result of social cultural structuring, which has no natural legitimacy, and both the mankind and the female maybe the victim, under the restriction of this system. In spite of that, androgyny character that surpass the gender limit is just the ideal type of social gender, and it should be envisaged, advocated and cultivated. Key words：social gender；androgyny character；gender stereotypes 引 言 2005年一场超级女的选秀比赛在全国造成了轰动，其中两个像男孩子的女生成为最大的赢家，她们不穿裙子，不留长发，声音低沉，言语举止干脆利落，这种中性的造型设计完全掩盖了其他传统印象上的美女的风采，一时间中性装扮令无数少男少女效仿，更有人将中性超女的成双性化（Androgyny）是希腊语词根andro（男）和gyn（女）的结合，意指男性化和女性化的混合平衡。历史上弗洛伊德曾提到“潜意识双性化”的概念，荣格的男女同体论中也有“男女双性化”的说法。他认为所有人都是先天的男女同体，他还用“男性的女性意向”（anima）和“女性的男性意向”（animus）分别代表1964年A.S.Rossi首次提出“双性化”概念（个体同时具有传统的男性特质和女性特质）。1974年，Bem以两性气质是两维结构的理论假设编制了Bem性别角色量表