奶牛饲喂与营养.ppt

MANAGING DAIRY FEEDING PROGRAMS BY GROUP FEEDING 奶牛群饲喂程序EARLY LACTATION哺乳早期MID LACTATION哺乳中期LATE LACTATION哺乳后期DRY PERIOD干乳期PREPARTUM PERIOD分娩前期 DAIRY HERD SPLIT ACCORDING TO PRODUCTION LEVEL CAN BE MANAGED AND FED MORE EFFICIENTLY. 依据奶牛产前分群能更有效地提高管理和饲喂效益 THIS REDUCES THE CHANCE OF UNDERFEEDING OR OVERFEEDING SOME COWS.这有利于减少一些奶牛饲喂过饱或饲喂量不足 ALSO ALLOWS FOR THE BETTER QUALITY FORAGE TO BE FED TO THE HIGHER PRODUCING COWS.这也为奶牛饲喂高更高质量的饲料产出更高水平的奶提供可能 * EARLY LACTATION 哺乳早期 FEED COWS FOR EXPECTED PRODUCTION 饲喂奶牛以达到预期产奶性能 CHALLENGE COWS WITH HIGH ENERGY/ PROTEIN RATIONS 用高能量高蛋白饲料饲喂奶牛-引导饲养法 SOME WEIGHT LOSS IS EXPECTED 减重达到预期效果 MID LACTATION 哺乳中期 FEED COWS ACCORDING TO ACTUAL PRODUCTION 饲喂奶牛依照其实际产奶量 COWS SHOULD BE GAINING WEIGHT AND BRED BACK AT THIS TIME. 此时应该将奶牛称重和复配 LATE LACTATION哺乳后期 FEED ACCORDING TO BODY CONDITION 依体况决定饲喂 COWS SHOULD BE WELL COVERED WITH FAT (BUT NO FAT OVER THE PIN BONES) AT DRY OFF. 干奶期后奶牛应该有很好的体脂 （但脂肪不要超过坐骨） DRY PERIOD干奶期 -FEED ACCORDING TO BODY CONDITION 依体况而喂 -GOOD FAT COVERING BUT NOT OVER THE PIN BONES 适当的体脂肪但不要超过坐骨 -GIVE THIN COWS ADDITIONAL GRAIN MIX. (UP TO 1% OF BODY WEIGHT) 给瘦奶牛额外添加饲料（达到体重的1%） -GRASS HAY IS PREFERRED FORAGE, FOR DRY COW. 对干奶期奶牛来说干草为更好的牧草 PREPARTUM PERIOD 分娩前期 ADJUST TO LACTATION RATION AT LEAST TWO WEEKS BEFORE CALVING – VERY IMPORTANT. 产犊之前至少两周应调整 至哺乳期料 FEED MANAGEMENT ITEMS THAT CAN BE ADJUSTED TO CONTROL BODY CONDITION 能控制奶牛体况的饲料管理项目 -MAXIMIZING FEED INTAKE 最大采食量 -ADJUSTING ENERGY CONCENTRATION 调整能量浓度 -ADJUSTING RUP AND RDP PROTEIN LEVELS 调整RUP（过瘤胃蛋白）和RDP（瘤胃降解蛋白）水平 -ADEQUATE FIBER TO PREVENT OFF-FEED PROBLEMS 充足的粗纤维能防止厌食的发生 -CHECK MACROMINERALS (Ca, Mg, K) levels 检查常量元素的水平（钙，镁，钾） -CHECK WATER AVAILABILITY 检查可利用的水量 DRY MATTER INTAKE LEVELS 干物质摄取量 MILK PRODUCTION IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY A COW CONSUMES. 产奶量主要靠奶牛对能量的消耗多少 THEREFORE TODAY I SHALL PRESENT TO YOU SOME