基于STC89C52RC单片机控制的汽车倒车报警器的设计方案.docx

摘 要IAbstractII引 言11 绪论21.1 倒车报警器的背景和发展现状21.2 汽车倒车报警器的意义31.3 完成工作32 相关的硬件和软件52.1 单片机概述52.2 STC89C52RC芯片简介62.2.1 参数简介：62.2.2 芯片引脚介绍62.3 LCD显示器简介82.3.1 LCD1602显示器简介82.3.2 LCD1602芯片引脚及功能介绍92.3 Keil 8051 C编译器概述113 硬件电路设计133.1 超声波测距原理133.2 电路设计总体框图133.3 电源电路143.4 时钟电路143.5 复位电路153.6 超声波电路163.7 LCD显示电路174 软件系统设计184.1 软件设计需要考虑的问题184.2 主流程图184.3 中断模块的程序设计194.4 超声波测距模块的程序设计204.5 报警模块的程序设计204.6 显示模块的程序设计215 硬件调试23结论25致谢26参考文献27附录28摘 要随着汽车的的日益普及，停车场变得越来越拥挤。这些在停车场低速行驶的车辆与其他的车辆距离非常近，在穿行、掉头或者倒车时经常会发生碰撞和拖挂的事故，在夜晚时更显突出。本设计正是针对这一状况提出了基于STC89C52RC单片机控制的汽车倒车报警器的设计方案。超声波由于指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远等原因，故经常用于距离的测量。本文详细介绍了一种根据超声波测距系统设计的汽车倒车报警器。它能在汽车倒车时自动检测并显示车尾与最近障碍物之间的距离。当距离达到极限安全距离时，它能发出声光报警，提醒司机刹车。该系统采用软、硬件结合的方式，硬件部分主要是由单片机硬件接口电路、超声波发射和接收电路、数码管显示电路、电源电路和报警电路组成的，软件部分主要是由主程序和超声波发射接收子程序、中断程序、距离计算子程序和显示报警子程序等部分组成的。实验结果显示，该报警器基本实现了上述功能。关键词：超声波；单片机；倒车报警AbstractWith the increasing popularity of automobile, parking becomes more and more crowded. These low-speed vehicles are very close to each other in the parking lot, causing friction or collision frequently through U-turn or reversing, especially at night. The design scheme based on STC89C52RC Microcontroller car reversing alarm is proposed for this situation.Because of the strong directivity and low energy consumption and long-distance diffusing in the medium and other reasons, Ultrasonic is often used to measure the distance. This paper describes a car reversing alarm on the basis of ultrasonic ranging system. It can automatically detect and display the distance between the rear of the vehicle and the nearest obstacle around the car when reversing. When reaching the safe distance limitation, the alarm would make audible and visual alarm to alert the driver to brake. The system uses hardware and software combination, in which hardware is mainly formed by the MCU hardware interface circuits, ultrasonic transmitter and receiver circuits, digital display circuit, power circuit and alarm circuit, while the software is main