机械及设计AES400型换热器.doc

AES400型换热器机械设计 摘 要 换热器是实现化工生产过程中热量交换和传递不可缺少的设备。在热量交换中常有一些腐蚀性、氧化性很强的物料，因此，要求制造换热器的材料具有抗强腐蚀性能。在石油、化工、轻工、制药、能源等工业生产中，常常需要把低温流体加热或者把高温流体冷却，把液体汽化成蒸汽或者把蒸汽冷凝成液体。这些过程均和热量传递有着密切联系，因而均可以通过换热器来完成。 本文综述了换热器的应用方向、发展历史、种类和特点以及换热器类型的选择。着重介绍了目前在各种形式的换热器中，应用最为广泛的也是最重要的浮头式换热器。内容包括浮头式换热器的基本类型、结构特点、压力试验的方法等，还根据所学知识对浮头式换热器的性能进行分析。严格按照GB150——1998《钢制压力容器》和GB151——1999《管壳式换热器》等国家标准，参考一些相关方面的书籍，设计出了一款典型的浮头式换热器。设计包括浮头式换热器中各零部件的结构类型和材料的选择，结构尺寸的确定，零部件间连接方式的选择，以及水压试验等。在设计中发现问题并通过大量的不同设计方案的计算比较，对所选零部件的结构尺寸、材料与传热性能进行反复验证和校核，做了理论分析，最终得出结论。 关键词：换热器，压力试验，校核 Floating head heat exchanger mechanical design 303 Abstract Heat exchanger is the realization of chemical processes of heat exchange and transmission of essential equipment. Some of the heat exchange often corrosive, oxidizing materials, strong, therefore, require manufacturers of heat exchanger material with high corrosion resistance. In the petroleum, chemical, light industry, pharmaceuticals, energy and other industrial production, often need to heat or cold to hot fluid flow cooling, the liquid vaporized into steam or the steam condensing into a liquid. These processes are closely linked and heat transfer, which can be done through the heat exchanger. This paper reviews the application of the direction of the heat exchanger, history, types and characteristics of the type of heat exchanger options. Focuses on the current heat exchangers in a variety of forms, the most widely used and most important floating head heat exchanger. Floating head heat exchanger including the basic types, structural features, pressure test methods, also based on the knowledge of the floating head heat exchanger performance analysis. In strict accordance with GB150 - 1998 Steel Pressure Vessels and GB151 - 1999 shell and tube heat exchanger and other national standards, reference books, some relevant aspects of the design out of a typical floating head heat exchanger. Floating head heat exchanger design, including the various parts of the structure type and material