倒装和被动语态.doc

倒装 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做“倒装“ 倒装的种类：部分倒装---- 助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词 全部倒装---- 谓语+主语 在特殊句型中： 1.在疑问句中: eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer? 2.在感叹句中： eg: How happy they are! What fun it is! 3.在虚拟条件句中： eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=…… Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money. Long live peace! May our friendship be everlasting! 4.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时； eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher. “You,” said his father, “do the housework.” 在以下结构中用全部倒装： 1.在there be句型中； eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(动词为be, go, come等); eg: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave. 3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away”以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首时； eg: Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black. Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books. 注意：若主语是人称代词，则用正常语序---- adv.+主语+谓语； eg: Out she went. Here we are. 4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构； eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon! 在以下结构中用部分倒装： 1.含有否定意义的adv或conj（not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等）位于句首时； eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak. I have never seen him before.----Never …… The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 注意：not until引导的句子，主句倒装，从句不用倒装。 2.only位于句首，且修饰状语时，主句倒装； eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well. 只有意识到这门课的重要，我们才能学好它。 Only she can settle this problem.(T\F?) 3.so用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构(有时也用as替代)；若表示另一主语“也不”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构； eg: She has been to Heifei. So have we. It is cold today. So it is.(T\F?) She won’t accept that