给药4课件.ppt

给 药(四) Medications (four) Topical Medications Topical medications are those that are applied locally to the skin or to mucous membranes in areas such as the eye, external ear canal, nose, vagina, and rectum. Skin Applications Topical skin or dermatologic preparations include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, powders, sprays, and patches. Before applying a dermatologic preparation, thoroughly clean the area with soap and water and dry it with a patting motion. General guidelines for applying topical medications are shown in the following: Powder  Make sure the skin surface is dry. Spread apart any skin folds, and sprinkle the site until the area is covered with a fine thin layer. Cover the site with a dressing if ordered. Suspension-Based Lotion Shake the container before use to distribute suspended particles. Put a little lotion on a small gauze dressing or pad, and apply the lotion to the skin by stroking it evenly in the direction of the hair growth. Creams, ointments, Pastes, and Oil-Based Lotions Warm and soften the preparation in the gloved hands to make it easier to apply and to prevent chilling. Smear it evenly over the skin using long strokes that follow the direction of the hair growth. Explain that the skin may feel somewhat greasy after application. Apply a sterile dressing if ordered by the physician. Aerosol Spray Shake the container well to mix the contents. Hold the spray container at the recommended distance from the area. Cover the client’s face with a towel if the upper chest or neck is to be sprayed. Spray the medication over the specified area. Transdermal Patches Select a clean, dry area that is free of hair and matches the manufacturer’s recommendations. Remove the patch from its protective covering, holding it without touching the adhesive edges, and apply it by pressing firmly with the palm of the hand for about 10 seconds. Advise the clie