ch01 经济模型课件.ppt

Intermediate Microeconomics Microeconomic Theory:Basic Principles and Extensions, 9e 吴福象 南京大学产业经济学系 信箱：fxiangwu@ 电话：025办公室安中楼1505) Syllabus 教材 （1）沃尔特·尼科尔森《微观经济理论：基本原理与扩展》[第9版]，北京大学出版社2008年 参考书 （2） Microeconomics: Principles and Analysis 参见中微课件中“参考书-”系列 （3）阿维纳什.K.迪克西特《经济理论中的最优化方法》，上海三联书店 （4） Eugene Silberberg, Wing Suen《经济学的结构：数量分析方法》清华大学出版社 课件 商学院教师园地→吴福象：/faculty.php/140 考核方式与要求 Grading: 30% Final Exam 30% Midterm Exam 20% Problem Set 20% Tests（上完一单元后随堂测试！） Problem Set： 每章练习题偶数题！ 补充的“分析应用题”（见课件或课后练习） Chapter 1 ECONOMIC MODELS Economists use models to describe economic activities While most economic models are abstractions from reality, they provide aid in understanding economic behavior Verification of Economic Models There are two general methods used to verify economic models: direct approach establishes the validity of the model’s assumptions indirect approach shows that the model correctly predicts real-world events Verification of Economic Models We can use the profit-maximization model to examine these approaches is the basic assumption valid? do firms really seek to maximize profits? can the model predict the behavior of real-world firms? Features of Economic Models Ceteris Paribus assumption Optimization assumption Distinction between positive and normative analysis Ceteris Paribus Assumption Ceteris Paribus means “other things the same” Economic models attempt to explain simple relationships focus on the effects of only a few forces at a time other variables are assumed to be unchanged during the period of study Optimization Assumptions Many economic models begin with the assumption that economic actors are rationally pursuing some goal consumers seek to maximize their utility firms seek to maximize profits (or minimize costs) government regulators seek to maximize public welfare Optimization Assumptions Optimization assumptions generate precise, solvable models Optimization models appear to be perform fairly well in explaining realit