Chapter 4 词类的英汉转换.ppt

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES Chapter 4 词类的转换 一、汉语的动词转换成英语的介词或介词短语 ? 数学是科学的语言, ……Mathematics, as a language of science, ...(动词—介词)? 联合国的大多数成员国都不赞成所谓“人权”的提案。A great majority of member nations in United Nations were not in favor of the so called “human rights” proposal.(动词—介词短语) 二、汉语的动词转换成英语的名词 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thanks to the implementation of our reform and opening policy，our comprehensive national strength has greatly been improved.(动词—名词) 三、汉语的动词转换成英语的形容词 汉语中一些表示心理状态的感官动词,一般都可以转换成英语的形容词,往往以“be +形容词……”结构来表达。 例：要是你们只满足于现状，你们就不能在竞争中求得发展。You cannot survive in the competition for further development， if you are only content with things as they are. (动词—形容词) 四、汉语的名词转换成英语的动词 在汉译英时，也有将汉语的名词转换为英语动词的情况。与此同时，原来修饰名词的形容词也相应地变为副词。例如： ? 我对这个城市的奇特建筑留下了很深的印象。I was deeply impressed by the unique buildings of this city.(名词—动词) 五、汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a dusk of gloomy grey. (形容词—名词) dusk n.黄昏，薄暮 grey n. 灰色gloomy a. 阴沉的，黑暗的 * * 词类互换法是汉译英最常用的方法之一。例如汉语运用动词的场合较多，译成英语时，不一定也用动词，而可以用介词或名词。如果我们运用得当，就可以使译文更加符合英语的习惯用法 ? 他们不顾一切艰难险阻，勇往直前。They kept going forward courageously in spite of all dangers and difficulties.(动词—介词短语)? 每年，四川都有大量农民参加劳务输出，到非洲去修建公路和桥梁。Every year, a large number of Sichuan peasants leave for Africa to construct roads and bridges as exported labor force. (动词—介词) 司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。Violation (n. 违反）of any traffic rules by the drivers will be fined by the police.(动词—名词) ? 研究人员发现流感可以通过人的手传染。Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread/transmitted by hand contacts. (动词—名词) ? 读一点世界历史对研究时事有帮助。An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.(动词—名词) ? 她来信说她得了流感，我对她的健康状况十分担心。She wrote me to say that she was suffering from a flu, I am quite worried about her health.(动词—形容词)? 我颇怀疑他做此事的动机。I am rather doubtful about his real motive for doing this.(动词—形容词) ? 他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。Formality (n.礼节）has always characterized t