[信息与通信]光孤子的形成及光通信中应用.doc

摘 要 孤子现象存在于众多领域中，自孤子波在十九世纪被发现以来，孤子理论始终是数学、物理学和通信等领域中重要的研究方向。光孤子的形成是光脉冲线性的时间域色散被非线性的自位相调制过程平衡。光孤子不仅仅是一个重要的科学研究方向，它同时具有重要的应用前景，可能成为新一代的光通信传输模式和高速全光开关。本文详细介绍了光孤子的基本理论及处理方法，光孤子通信的基本原理及其发展现状。基于光孤子通信系统中孤子脉冲的传输所满足的变系数非线性薛定愕方程，研究了孤子脉冲的传输系统的关键技术。主要的技术有: 　 光孤子源：分析了三阶色散和五阶饱和吸收等高阶非线性效应对被动锁模光纤环形孤子激光器的稳定性的影响, 通过路径平均非线性薛定谔方程的求解,获得了被动锁模光纤环形孤子激光器稳定运行的条件。用绝热近似法以及通过主动锁模光纤环形孤子激光器稳态锁模方程的求解，获得了这种激光器输出孤子脉宽的近似表达式和精确表达式，并对它们的适用范围进行了比较。分析了一种新型的主被动锁模光纤环形孤子激光器.通过路径平均非线性薛定得方程的求解.获得了激光器稳定运行的条件，并作了数值模拟。脉冲在色散缓变光纤中的传输特性和规律:光纤损耗引起孤子幅值指数下降，指数缓变色散起到放大作用，正好能够补偿光纤损耗引起的幅值下降；光纤色散变化参量引起孤子中心位置随传输距离作非线性漂移。 光孤子放大器：用常规掺铒光纤放大器放大超短光孤子存在一个重大困难,就是在放大过程中光纤非线性效应会引起孤子波形及频谱畸变,使得输出脉冲不再具有孤子特性,从而影响系统性能。提出一种利用掺铒光纤环镜放大超短光孤子的新方法。 Abstract Soliton phenomena exist in many fields, from the soliton wave was found in the nineteenth century, since the soliton theory has always been mathematics, physics and important areas of communication research. The formation of soliton pulse dispersion is linear time-domain nonlinear process of self phase modulation balance. Soliton is not only an important research direction, it also has important applications, may become a new generation of optical communication transmission mode and high-speed all-optical switch. This paper describes the basic theory of optical solitons and treatment, the basic principle of optical soliton communication and its development status. Optical soliton communication systems based on soliton pulse which is satisfied by the transmission of variable coefficient nonlinear Schr?dinger equation stunned to study the soliton transmission system of key technologies. The main technologies are: Soliton Source: analysis of five third-order dispersion and higher-order nonlinear effects such as saturable absorber for passive mode-locked fiber ring soliton laser stability, the average through the path of solving the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation to obtain the passive lock mode fiber ring soliton laser stable operation conditions. Adiabatic approximation and by using active mo