机械安全设计详解.ppt

* 三 、符合人类功效学的准则 1、正确地布置各种控制操作装置 2、正确地选择工作平台的位置及高度 * 4、出入工作地点要方便 3、尽量提供合适的工作座椅 * 四 、符合安全卫生要求 要求机器不得排放超过规定的各种有害物质，若不能消除有害物质的排放，必须配备处理有害物质的装置。 * 五 、按考虑机械安全措施的原则和设计程序进行安全设计 1、机械安全措施 1）消除产生危险的原因 2）减少接触机器危险部件的需求 3）提供安全装置使人难以接近机器的危险部位 4）提供保护装置或防护服 * 2、安全设计的程序 1）考虑设备的本质安全 2）对控制装置的选择 3）考虑机器的实效安全 4）考虑维护及隔离方法 5）定位安全 6）机器布置 * FAA: Safety Order of Precedence Description Priority Definition Design for minimum risk. 1 Design to eliminate risks. If the identified risk cannot be eliminated, reduce it to an acceptable level through design selection. Incorporate safety devices. 2 If identified risks cannot be eliminated through design selection, reduce the risk via the use of fixed, automatic, or other safety design features or devices. Provisions shall be made for periodic functional checks of safety devices. Provide warning devices. 3 When neither design nor safety devices can effectively eliminate identified risks or adequately reduce risk, devices shall be used to detect the condition and to produce an adequate warning signal. Warning signals and their application shall be designed to minimize the likelihood of inappropriate human reaction and response. Warning signs and placards shall be provided to alert operational and support personnel of such risks as exposure to high voltage and heavy objects. Develop procedures and training. 4 Where it is impractical to eliminate risks through design selection or specific safety and warning devices, procedures and training are used. However, concurrence of authority is usually required when procedures and training are applied to reduce risks of catastrophic, hazardous, major, or critical severity. From FAA System Safety Hand book * 种类 优先等级 详细说明 最小风险设计 1 设计中消除风险。如果已确认的风险不能被消除，则通过设计选择将其减少到可接受水平。 加入安全装置 2 如果通过设计选择