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[经济学]Multinationals_ Technology_ and the Introduction of New Goods
Multinationals, Technology,
and the Introduction of Varieties of Goods∗
Irene Brambilla †
Yale University and NBER
May 2006
Abstract
Firms that engage in international transactions have been shown to outperform
domestic firms in several dimensions. This paper studies the advantages of affiliates
of multinationals to grow through an expansion in their range of products. I first
develop a monopolistic competition model with multiproduct firms in which firms are
heterogeneous in two dimensions: the fixed cost of developing new varieties and the
variable cost of production. Multinationals have cost advantages because of economies
of scale and learning by doing across countries. Using firm-level data for the Chinese
manufacturing sector during 1998-2000, I compare the performance of foreign and
domestic firms in terms of the new varieties that they introduce, and, as described
in the model, I estimate whether the number of new varieties can be explained by
differences in the cost of development and variable productivity.
Controlling for size, I find that firms with more than 50 percent of foreign ownership
introduce on average more than twice as many more new varieties of goods as private
domestic firms. Advantages in productivity account for 33 to 45 percent of the
difference in the number and sales of new varieties, while advantages in the cost of
development account for 5 to 17 percent of these differences.
JEL CODES: F23, F12, F14
Keywords: Foreign direct investment,
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