第7章Contract.ppt

Chen Jianhui Chapter 7 Contract Chapter 7 Contract Section A Introduction Contract is a promise or sets of promises for the breach of which the law gives some remedies or the performance of which the court recognizes as a duty. In short, contract is an agreement which can be enforced in court. 合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，履行承诺法律视其为一种责任。 In common law systems, the five key requirements for the creation of a contract are: 1. offer and acceptance (agreement) 2. consideration 3. an intention to create legal relations 4. legal capacity 5. formalities. 普通法系规定合同的定立有五个关键要求： 1、要约和接受（协议） 2、对价3、建立合同关系的意愿4、法律能力5、法定形式。 In civil law systems, the concept of consideration is not central. In addition, for some contracts formalities must be complied with under what is sometimes called a statute of frauds. 而大陆法系中合同的成立并不是以对价为基础的。此外，有些国家的反欺诈法对形式有强制性规定。 A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties. It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes. 合同是对有关当事人规定约束性责任的一种协定。虽然多数合同并不引起纠纷，但合同是依法实施的，任何一方当事人若未能履行合同义务，可能会受到起诉并被强制作出赔偿。 NOTES 1.the creation of a contract定立合同 2.offer and acceptance要约和承诺 3.consideration对价 4.legal capacity法律能力 5.formalities形式 6.a statute of frauds反欺诈法 7.Pharmaceutical Society 医药协会 8.“concurrence of wills” 意思表示一致 9.unilateral contract单务合同 10.quasi-contract准合同 11.quantum merit按服务计酬 12.sales confirmation销售确认书 13.mode of payment付款方式 14.counter-offer还盘 15.validity period有效期 16.trunk call长途电话 Section B A mistake is an incorrect understanding by one or more parties to a contract and may be used as grounds to invalidate the agreement. Common law has identified three different types of mistake in contract: unilateral mistake, mutual mistake, and common mistake. 过失是由一方或多方合同当事人对合同产生的不正确的理解，并可能被用来作为协议无 效的理由。普通法确