[精品]Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 6th edition.ppt

Comer, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, 3e Chapter 6 Stress Disorders Stress, Coping, and the Anxiety Response The state of stress has two components: Stressor: event creating demands Stress response: reactions to the demands Influenced by how we appraise (a) the event, and (b) our capacity to react to the event effectively People who sense that they have the ability and resources to cope are more likely to take stressors in stride Stress, Coping, and the Anxiety Response When we appraise a stressor as threatening, the natural reaction is fear Fear is a “package” of physical, emotional, and cognitive responses Stress reactions, and the fear they produce, are often at play in psychological disorders People who experience a large number of stressful events are particularly vulnerable to the onset of GAD, social phobia, panic disorder, and OCD, as well as other psychological problems Stress, Coping, and the Anxiety Response Stress also plays a more central role in certain psychological disorders, including: Acute stress disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Technically, DSM-IV-TR lists these patterns as anxiety disorders …as well as certain physical disorders called psychophysiological disorders These disorders are listed in the DSM-IV-TR under “psychological factors affecting medical condition” Stress and Arousal: The Fight-or-Flight Response The features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the hypothalamus Two important systems are activated: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) An extensive network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to the body’s other organs Contains two systems: sympathetic and parasympathetic Endocrine system A network of glands throughout the body that release hormones Stress and Arousal: The Fight-or-Flight Response When confronting a dangerous situation, the hypothalamus first activates the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates key organs either directly or indirectly When the perce