[工程科技]Q-ball Dynamics.pdf

Q-ball Dynamics 0 0 0 Richard A. Battye † and Paul M. Sutcliffe ‡ 2 r a M † Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 8 Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, 2 Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, U.K. 1 v Email : R.A.Battye@damtp.cam.ac.uk 2 5 2 3 ‡ Institute of Mathematics, University of Kent at Canterbury, 0 Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, U.K. 0 0 Email : P.M.Sutcliffe@ukc.ac.uk / h t - March 2000 p e h : v Abstract i X We investigate the dynamics of Q-balls in one, two and three space dimensions, r a using numerical simulations of the full nonlinear equations of motion. We find that the dynamics of Q-balls is extremely complex, involving processes such as charge transfer and Q-ball fission. We present results of simulations which illustrate the salient features of 2-Q-ball interactions and give qualitative arguments to explain them in terms of the evolution of the time-dependent phases. 1 1 Introduction One of the most fascinating areas of inter-disciplinary research at the interface between mathematics and physics is the study of solitons. This word has as many definitions as there are people who study them, but in general terms they are stable, localized energy distributions. From a purely mathematical perspective, solitons are described as extended solutions to a set of hyperbolic or parabolic partial differential equations, which can travel without dissipation at a uniform