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[文学]英国文学史SH2011The_Flowering_of_English_Literature
The English Renaissance Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) (her reign: 1558-1603) 是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后一位君主。她终身未嫁，因被称为“童贞女王”。她即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗西斯·培根这样的著名人物。英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。在英国历史上在位时被称为“伊丽莎白时期”，亦称为“黄金时代”。 The Elizabethan Age [i,liz?bi:θ?n] Great development of national economy Expansion of foreign trade and markets Establishment of nationalistic consciousness Improvement of peoples life Introduction of printing The bloody religious persecution came to a stop. The reforms were compatible with the monarchy and accepted by the English people. Age of dreams, adventures, unbounded enthusiasm Age of translation and literature The English Renaissance From the first half of the 16th C., the English Renaissance began to develop into a flowering of literature and then England became a nest of singing birds. P38 The Elizabethan?poets Sir Thomas Wyatt [wai?t] (1503-1542) The first one to introduce sonnet into England, a form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter, from Italy. P.39 Henry Howard ? [hau?d] (1517-1547), Earl of Surrey The first one to introduce sonnet into England and made first English attempts at blank pentameters, later handled by Shakespeare and Milton. P.39 Philip Sidney (1554-1586), poet and critic of poetry Astrophel and Stella (1591) is a sonnet sequence Apology for Poetry (1595), one of the earliest English literary essays, represents the spirit of literary criticism of the Renaissance. P.40 Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) Life and career Born in a minor noble family, educated at Merchant Tailors School and at Cambridge Fell in love and recorded his laments over the loss of Rosalind in his Shepherds Calendar (1579) Established his reputation as an important poet with the publication of The Shepherds Calendar P.41 The Shepherds Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance flower. In the meantime the language had undergone sufficient changes as to b
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