[初一语文]虚拟语气.ppt

虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望/假设/猜测/或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 1 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。 （1）与现在事实相反。 If I had time ,I would go to the cinema with you . （2）与过去事实相反。 If he had caught the first bus this morning,he would not have been late for class. （3）与将来事实相反。 If it were to /should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could/might 等代替should /would。 (4)有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。-(错综时间条件句) 1.If the weather had been more favourable , the crops would be growing still better. 2.If you were in better health ,we would have allowed you to join them in the work. 3.If we hadn’t got everything ready by now,we should be having a terrible time tomorrow (5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式: A.若if从句中有 were/ had/ should ，可把它们倒装放到主语之前，省略if .句式: were /had /should +主语 +其它成分. Were I in school again ,I would work harder. Had you been here earlier ,you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow ,I would come . B.用介词短语代替条件状语从句.例如: Without air ,there would be no living things . I would not have succeeded but for your help. 2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 （1）“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，“可惜…/悔不该…/但愿…”从句中谓语动词形式： 与现在事实相反：动词过去式 与过去事实相反: had + done 或 could(would)+have +done 与将来事实相反： could/would + do 例如： .I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. I wish we could go to the seaside today/tomorrow (2)虚拟语气在动词: 在某些动词的宾语从句中， 形式是 “（should）+动词原形”。常见动词有： 一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order, demand）；三个建议  （ advise, suggest, propose）； 四项要求（demand, require, request, ask）。如： The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. They demanded that the black people (should) be treated as well as white people. I insisted that you give me money back. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The girl insisted that she gave me the money the other day. I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. Her