[初二英语]新目标八年级下上学期知识点.doc

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 　　II. Grammar: 　　?一般将来时 　　?there will be ?few，a few，little，a little，much，many 　　语法小结： 　　一、一般将来时 　　1．用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 　　　 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 　　　 We are having fish for dinner. 　　 　We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 　　 　这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。 　　 　A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me? 　　 　A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me. 　　2．用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。 Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here? 　　　 I am going to book a ticket. 　　　 另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。 　　　 It’s going to rain. 　　　 George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat. 　　3. 用will/ shall do表示将来： 　　 　主要意义，一是表示预见。 　　　 You will feel better after taking this medicine. 　　　 Do you think it will rain? 　　 　二是表示意图. 　　 　I will not lend the book to you. 　　 　Take it easy，I will not do it any longer. 　　 　基本结构： 　　 　She will come to have class tomorrow. 　　　 Will she come to have class tomorrow? 　　 　She won’t come to have class tomorrow. 　　 　What will she do tomorrow? 　　二、There be结构 　　1. there　be　结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。 　　　 There is going to be a meeting tonight.　 今晚有个会议。 　　　 There was a knock at the door.　有人敲门。 　　　 There has been a girl waiting for you.　有个女孩一直在等你。 　　　 There will be rain soon.　不久天就要下雨了。 　　2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。 　　如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。 　 How many people are there in the city?　 这个城市里有多少人口？ 　　　 There is a pen and two books on the desk.　课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。 　　　 There are two books and a pen on the desk.　课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。 　　　 There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 　　　 There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.　教室里有一位老师和一些学生。 　　3. 在there　be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。 　　　 There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。 　　　 There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。