[医学]chapter2-32.ppt

More about phonology Sequential / phonotactic constraints语音配列制约 /b/ /l/ /k/ /i/ Possible words /blik/ /klib/ /bilk/ /kilb/ I’ve just bought a beautiful blik. What’s a blik? I’ve just bought a new bkli. You just bought a new what? Knowledge of English phonology includes information about what sequences of phonemes are permissible. If the initial sounds of chill or Jill / t? and /d? / begins a word, the next sound must be a vowel. No more than three sequential consonants can occur at the beginning of a word and the three are restricted to /s/ +/p t k/ +/l, r, w, j/ Phonological rule a. The [s] appears after voiceless sounds. b. The [z] appears after voiced sounds. c. The [ ] appears after sibilants. Which occurs in the most cases? basic form --underlying form or representation derived forms– surface form or representation /z/ ? [s] / [–voice, C] _____ (Devoicing) ? ? [ ] / [+sibilant] _____ [z] (Epenthesis) 1. Insert a [ ] before the plural morpheme when a regular noun ends in a sibilant--giving [ z]. 2. Change the plural morpheme to voiceless [s] when a voiceless sound precedes it. 3. The basic form of the plural morpheme is pronounced as [z] if no phonological rules apply to it. Elsewhere condition 常规另移条件 The more specific rule applies first. 即默认常规情况而优先考虑特定情况 Practice [d] [t] [ d] Past tense in English Suprasegmental feature超音段特征 features that involve more than single sound segment, such as syllables, stress, tone, and intonation. Syllables Questions: monosyllabic or polysyllabic? English: SPRINT Japanese: 　supurinｎto　　すぷりんと Russian： Mstislav English： [m?st?slav] or [m?st?slav] English: walk;walks;walked Cantonese: [w??] Different languages permit different kinds of syllables and native speakers of languages bring their knowledge of syllables and syllable structure to produce words from other languages. bat cat rat flat spat and sprat (rhyme 押韵) Syl