[医学]颅脑和脊髓先天畸形-课件.ppt

颅脑和脊髓先天畸形 craniocerebral and spinal congenital malformation 制作 哈医大一院 神经外科 abstract The congenital malformation of central nervous system is the common disease of children in neurosurgery field.This chapter mainly introduce congenital hydrocephalus, cranium bifidum and spina bifida, craniostenosis and basilar invagination . The causes of these diseases are different.When an obstruction happens in any parts of the circulatory route, the hydrocephalus happens.The patients have the symptom and sign of chronic abstract intracranial pressure.The cause of cranium,spina and basilar in vagination is congenital heterplasia.But craniostenosis is by reasons of bone suture closing so early that the brain can not develop normally. All malformation have each special symptom, with the help of x-ray、CT、MIR et al.We can get the right diagnosis easily. Commonly, the operation that rectify the malformation is the key of the therapy.The more early you operate, the better the patient will get. vocabulary Congenital adj 先天的 Hydrocephalus n 脑积水 Obstructive adj 梗阻性的 Cranium bifidum n 颅裂 Spina bifida n 脊柱裂 Meningocele n 脊膜膨出 Encephalocele n 脑膨出 Cystic adj 囊状的 vocabulary Myelomeningocele n 髓脊膜膨出 Myelocele n 脊髓膨出 Craniostenosis n 狭颅症 Turricephaly n 塔状头 Basilar adj 颅底的 Invagination n 套入内部 颅脑和脊髓先天畸形craniocerebral and spinal congenital malformation 第一节 先天性脑积水 congenital hydrocephalus 第二节 颅裂和脊柱裂 cranium bifidum and spina bifida 第三节 狭 颅 症 craniostenosis 第四节 颅底陷入症 basilar invagination 第一节 先天性脑积水congenital hydrocephalus 婴儿脑积水：婴幼儿期脑脊液循环通路受阻， 吸收障碍或分泌过多使脑脊液 积聚脑室系统和蛛网膜下腔，致 脑室或蛛网膜下腔扩大。形成 头颅扩大、颅内压增高、 脑功 能障碍。 成人脑积水：发