[医药卫生]计算神经科学.pdf

An Introduction to the Mathematical Modeling of Primary Visual Cortex Louis Tao 陶乐天 北京大学 生命科学学院生物信息中心 Center for Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences Peking University Collaborators David Cai 蔡申瓯(SJTU, CIMS NYU), Gregor Kovacic (RPI), Dave McLaughlin (CIMS NYU), Adi Rangan (CIMS NYU), Robert Shapley (CNS NYU), Michael Shelley (CIMS NYU) 交大致远学院 计算神经科学夏季短期班 24 May 2010 © Copyright 2010 Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University Neuronal Networks Are Complex ~1011 neurons 1015 connections 4 3 10 cells 1 km wiring in 1 mm of cortex © Copyright 2010 Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University Neurons 神经元 • Information processing units 信息处理加工单元 • 1010-1013 neurons in mammalian brains 哺乳动物大脑 • 104 cell bodies and roughly 1 km of ‘wiring’ per mm3 • Different shapes, sizes, functions, … 不同形状、大小、功能 • Spiking vs. Analog neurons 锋电位（动作电位） (“analog neurons,” e.g., bipolar and amacrine cells in retina, sensory-motor neurons of invertebrates, … 视网膜里的双极细胞与无长突细胞，无脊椎动物的感觉-运动 神经元，等) • Many other cells (e.g., glia cells 胶质细胞) in cortex: to supply energy, to provide structural stability, …, and not directly involved in information processing © Copyright 2010 Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University Computational Neuroscience • What “computations” are performed by neurons neuronal networks? • How are these computations done? • What? – Feature detection (visual systems, olfactory system, …) – Coincidence / timing (auditory system) – Memory (hippocampus) – Sensory-motor