[教育学]第九讲 分词和动名词.ppt

用feel like 表达下列句子 1. Where do you want to go? 2. Do you want to go camping? 3. This weekend I want to hike. 答案 1. Where do you feel like going? 2. Do you feel like camping? 3. This weekend I feel like hiking. 第九讲 分词和动名词 分词的形式 分词是一种非限定动词，它兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可以带宾语 或受状语修饰。分词加宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。 分词有现在分词（动词原形+ing)和过去分词(动词原形+ed)两种。 现在分词和过去分词的区别 通常情况下现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的。 1. 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，多用以描述事物对人的情感的影响力或作用。过去分词多由及物动词变来表示被动，用以描述人物的情感，表达外界事物对人所产生的影响。 a moving film/ a moved audience The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示完成，没有被动的意思。如： fallen leaves the risen sun departed friends escaped prisoner a retired teacher returned students newly arrived goods 时间上不同：现在分词表示的动作往往是正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如： developing countries （发展中国家） developed countries （发达国家） the rising sun/ the risen sun boiling water/ boiled water the changing world/ the changed world 分词的句法功能 作定语：如果是单个的分词放在中心词前面;分词短语放在中心词后面, 相当于定语从句。 I’m reading a very interesting novel. Polluted air is harmful to people’s health. Per capital income is a nation’s entire income divided (which is divided) by the number of people in the nation. 作表语： 相当于形容词，现在分词多指主语的性质，过去分词说明主语的状态。如： The rumors were startling. The news looks quite encouraging. They were completely exhausted. He got excited about the result of the experiment. 作宾语补足语： He kept the machine running for ten hours. We saw her entering the cinema. The work left him exhausted. I had my car repaired.（别人修的） 现在分词和不定式作宾补在意义上有差别。前者表示动作正在发生；后者着重说明动作的全过程，表示动作发生了, 即动作全过程结束了。 I saw the girl getting on the bus. I saw the girl get on the bus. 如果宾补是一系列动作，要用不定式。如： I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out something and leave the room. 作状语: 表时间、原因、方式或伴随情况等。 Walking along the street one day, she saw the car accident. When heated, ice will be changed into water. （为了突出时间，可在分词前加 when 或while） Having no place to go, the man wandered bout in the street. Jane fell off the bike, cutting her leg. He came running back to tell us the news. 独立结构 分词短语的