[文学]Lecture 4-Factors.ppt

0210001345 LUO Shaoqian Beijing Normal University Lecture Four: Factors affecting second language learning Barriers to Acquisition Acquisition vs. learning The affective filter 3. Motivation 4. Environmental factors … Emotional factors Emotional factors such as self-esteem, inhibition, and anxiety may inhibit language acquisition. Teenagers, for example, are very self-conscious and maybe embarrassed to make mistakes when speaking a second language. Factors in Language Acquisition in the Affective Domain self-esteem: the evaluation which an individual makes and maintains about herself  inhibition: defenses built to protect the ego, to save face anxiety: feeling of uneasiness, self-doubt, or worry Factors in Language Acquisition in the Affective Domain risk-taking: willingness to guess; impulsivity empathy: “putting yourself into someone else’s shoes”; understanding how another person feels extroversion: need to receive ego enhancement and self-esteem from others Motivation Integrative When students want to learn a language to become part of a speech community (integrate). New immigrants are a good example. An important basis of integrative motivation is using language for social interaction. Instrumental Wanting to learn a language for the purpose of concrete goals such as a job, graduation, or the ability to read academic materials. This form of motivation is thought to be less successful than integrative motivation. Environmental factors dull textbooks uninspiring teachers uncomfortable surroundings exhaustion Outcome: L1 acquisition vs. L2 learning Feature  L1 acquisition L2 (foreign language)acquisition 1. Overall     success children normally achieve perfect L1 mastery adult L2 learners are unlikely to achieve perfect L2 mastery 2. General     failure success guaranteed complete success rare 3. Variation little variation in degree of success or route L2 learners vary in overall success and route Characteristics of the “good language learner” What