西卡鲁：小西Argu逻辑错误段落.doc

逻辑错误 fallacy 调查错误 the survey upon which the argument depends is informative and statistically reliable. It is very likely that the respondents only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole. (数量不够) For example, if the total number is …, ... is only a small percent of the total population that cannot draw any firm conclusion. (绝对数值) For example, if the total number of sampling is …, …% is only a small number of total population that cannot draw any firm conclusion. (相对数值) It is very likely that the sample is not representative enough to reflect the general attitude of … (代表性不足) For example, they are just… which could not represent a diverse cross section of the population. Another possibility is that the respondents would not be inclined to provide authentic and believable answer out of consideration for their privacy or personal affairs. Or, perhaps they are influenced by the surveyor. 负面影响 there is no possible detrimental effect of … 因果关系 … is responsible for … 未来变化 the trend in … will continue in the future. / the strategy would ensure the similar result nowadays. It is most likely that many background conditions upon which the trend/ strategy’s effectiveness depend have changed over this time span. 空间变化 the strategy that… would ensure the similar result at… It is most likely that there are inherent differences between A and B which might make the same course of action ineffective and insufficient to ensure the similar result at B. 非此即彼 there are only two alternatives : … and … It is possible that there are other solutions contributing to solving the problem. 画蛇添足 It is necessary to… 他因 销量上升 The author assumes that no factor other than … is responsible for the increasing sales of A. 价格因素 It is most likely that the price of A has fallen with the purpose of touting（招徕） consumers. For that, the increase of the sales of A is due to the more attractive price other than the particular relish （味道，喜好） among people. 品牌因素 It is most likely that A has advantage of brand tha