长春理工大学2009词汇学演示文稿.ppt

Modern English Lexicology Lecture 10 Name: yu-qing ,Jiao Class: 0710111-115， Proverb: The more a man learns, the more he sees his ignorance. ________ Book of Rites 学然后知不足。————礼记 Teaching focus: Chapter 6 Semantic Classification of Words The superordinate and the hyponym Semantically Synonymous field. A. Difference in Meaning B. Difference in Emotional Coloring C. Difference in Collocation and Distribution III Antonymy IV Homonymy. Chapter 6 Semantic Classification of Words 词的语义分类 Definition Semantic classification of words means that vocabulary units are classified on the basis of various meaning relations between words. 6.1.The superordinate（支配词） and the hyponym（受支配词） 1) Some words refer to the genus; others refer to the species. the genus（种概念，属，类）=(a class of things made up of two or more subordinate classes or species(种,属下的分类).This involves us the notion of inclusion （语义内包） in the sense that tulip and violet are included in flower. Dog and sheep are included in animal. Inclusion is a matter of membership. John Lyon called the relation hyponymy（上下义关系）, which is known as semantic inclusion （语义内包）. Hyponymy refers to the relationship which obtains between general and specific lexical items( between the genus and the species). The latter is included in the former. The general lexical item is called the superordinate （支配词） or the upper item （上义词）, and the specific item is called the Hyponym （受支配词） or the lower item （下义词）. e.g. a horse is hyponym of the superordinate animal, desk is the hyponym of the superordinate furniture, flute is the hyponym of the superordinate instrument. See examples: Hyponymy 2)Semantic field theory语义场理论: Semantic fields: The set of terms which are hyponyms of the same superordinate terms are called co- hyponyms. E.g. cats, beetles, lions are the co-hyponyms of the superordinate animal. The co-hyponyms are known as semantic fields. Semantic field theory took the view that vocabulary is