2006呼吸respiration22.ppt

Ⅱ Pulmonary Volumes Capacities （一） Primary pulmonary Volumes Tidal Volume (TV): is the volume of air inspired or expired in each breath. resting TV: 500ml Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV): is the maximum extra volume of air that can be inspired over above the normal TV. 1500-2000ml Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): is the maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration. 900-1200ml Residual Volume (RV): is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration. 1000-1500ml （二） Pulmonary Capacity 1.Inspiratory Capacity (IC): is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration. (resting TV+IRV) 3.Vital Capacity (VC): amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration. (ERV + resting TV + IRV) Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration. (ERV + resting TV + IRV) Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV): maximum volume expired during a period of time after maximum inspiration. (as fast as possible) (FEV/FVC) (FEV1:80%, FEV2:96%, FEV3:99%) 4.Total Lung Capacity (TLC): maximum amount of air the lungs can contain. (VC+RV) Ⅲ Pulmonary Ventilation Alveolar  Ventilation 1. minute ventilation volume Means the total amount of air inspired or expired each minute. = TV × respiratory rate At rest: =500 (ml/breath) ×12 (breaths/min) = 6000 (ml/min) 3.Alveolar ventilation Means the total volume of fresh air entering alveoli per minute. = (TV – dead space) × respiratory rate = (500-150) ×12 = 4200(ml/min) Dead Space: means the area where there is no gas exchange Effect of Breathing Patterns on Alveolar Ventilation Frequency TV Minute ventilation Alveolar ventilation (breaths/min) (ml) (ml/min) (ml/min) 16