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Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking Methods and Applications测验等值，缩放，方法和应用的链接
Michelle M. Langer, Ph.D. National Board of Medical Examiners August 30, 2009 Test Equating: Designs, Methods, and Applications to Progress Testing Why is Equating Necessary? Most testing programs administer multiple test forms Impossible to construct test forms that have identical characteristics Comparison of raw scores is unfair to those taking the more difficult form Equating the different forms of a test addresses these issues Why is Equating Necessary? Group 1 Group 2 N Raw Score SD N Raw Score SD Test Form 1 100 Items 100 80 7 Test Form 2 100 Items 100 60 9 Anchor Test 40 Items 38 4 34 6 Scale Score Mean = 500 SD = 100 Mean = 540 SD=65 Mean = 460 SD=88 Why is Equating Necessary? Group 1 Group 2 N Raw Score SD N Raw Score SD Test Form 1 100 Items 100 80 7 Test Form 2 100 Items 100 60 9 Anchor Test 40 Items 25 5 32 6 Scale Score Mean = 500 SD = 100 Mean = 463 SD=73 Mean = 564 SD=91 Why is Equating Necessary? Group 1 Mean Raw Scores Jan 2008 April 2008 July 2008 Oct 2008 Jan 2009 Test Form 1 93 Test Form 2 87 Test Form 3 84 Test Form 4 72 Test Form 5 68 Anchor Test 32 34 35 37 38 Mean Scale Scores 436 476 496 536 556 Overview Equating Requirements Equating Designs Equating Methods Applications to Progress Testing Equating Requirements Alternate forms built to same test specification Test content and conditions of measurement for alternate forms are held constant Random Groups Design for Equating Examinees are randomly assigned to take Form X or Form Y Conditions of measurement for Form X and Form Y are the same Random Subgroup 1 Random Subgroup 2 Form X Form Y Single Group Design with Counterbalancing for Equating Random Random Subgroup 1 Subgroup 2 Form Taken First Form Taken Second Form Y Form X Form Y Form X Single Group Design with Counterbalancing for Equating Counterbalancing used to control for order effects such as fatigue and practice When there are no differential order effects, this design leads to
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