How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe文档文档.ppt

How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe? John R. Anderson Contents 1. Newell’s ultimate scientific question 2. What is a cognitive architecture? 3. Alternatives to cognitive architectures 4. ACT-R: a cognitive architecture 5. Symbol vs. connections in a CA 2 / 26 User Interface Lab 1. Newell’s Ultimate Scientific Questions (1/2) Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 ~ July 19, 1992) Ultimate Scientific Questions Why does the universe exist? When did it start? What’s the nature of life? for Newell’s How can the human mind occur in the physical universe? ※ this question leads him down to worry about the architecture 3 / 26 User Interface Lab Last lecture (Dec 4, 1991) “Desires and Diversions” 1. Newell’s Ultimate Scientific Questions (2/2) Purpose of this book is to report on some of the progress that has come from taking a variety of perspectives, including biological Answer would be like : cognitive architecture Purpose this chapter What is cognitive architecture? How the idea came to be What the (failed) alternatives are Introduce the cognitive architecture 4 / 26 User Interface Lab 2. What is a Cognitive Architecture? (1/4) Cognitive Architecture Architect is concerned with how the structure achieves the function. structure (domain of the builder) function (domain of the dweller) ☞ Architecture is the art of specifying the structure of the building at the level of abstraction sufficient to assure that the builder will achieve the functions desired by the user. Newell (1971) introduced Cognitive Architecture through an analogy to Computer Architecture Fred Brooks (1962) introduced into computer Science through an analogy to the architecture of buildings. Architecture of buildings Architecture Computer Science Cognitive Science 5 / 26 User Interface Lab 2. What is a Cognitive Architecture? (2/4) Brooks (in Planning a Computer System) computer architecture is the art of determining of user needs and d then desig