[中学教育]同义词词汇短语辨析总结.doc

同义词词汇总结 aloud, loud, loudly三者作为副词，都有 “ 大声地，响亮地“的意思。aloud 常与read, think 连用表示“出声”。如：The teacher asked me to read the poem aloud.老师让我大声朗读这首诗。loud 作副词时，可与loudly 通用， 表示 “ 大声 ，响亮”之意， loud常用于talk, speak, shout, laugh 等动词之后，在口语中代替loudly, 它有比较级的形式。如：Could you speak a little louder?你能大点声说吗？Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人在响亮地敲门。loudly 侧重于“高声地”， 但更多地含有“喧闹”的意思。此外，loud 也可作为形容词，如： loud music. (响亮的音乐)? ? argue, discuss, debate, argue with, quarrel with以上词都有“争论”之意， 但在具体场合仍有区别。argue (v.)争论，争辩，；论述，常用于argue with sb. about sth.结构。如：They’re always arguing about money.他们总是争论钱的问题。discuss(v.)讨论，议论 (with) 如：She discussed her plan with her mother.她和她的妈妈讨论她的计划。debate (v.)进行辩论，讨论，考虑，盘算 如：They debated for over an hour on the merits of different system.他们就几种不同体制的优点辩论了一个多小时。quarrel (v.)争吵，常指不愉快的争吵。如：They were quarreling furiously (with each other) about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.他们正就该轮到谁做晚饭而激烈地争吵着。quarrel with sb. 同某人争吵ashamed, shy二者都可作为形容词。ashamed “羞耻的， 内疚的，惭愧的。如：You ought to be ashamed of your behavior.你应为你自己的行为感到羞耻。shy 侧重指“羞怯的，腼腆的，缺乏自信的”。He is shy of women. 他见到女人就害羞。astonish, surprise, shock, amaze(v.)astonishing, surprising, shocking, amazing(adj.)astonished, surprised, shocked, amazed(adj.)以上三者表示“感到吃惊”的意思，有强弱之别。astonish指对突然发生的事感到“惊异,惊骇”,相当于very surprise。如：We were all astonished by the news.听到这个消息，我们都感到十分惊讶。surprise 指 “意外” ”出乎所料”。如：We were surprised to learn that he was French.获知他是法国人，我们都感到惊讶。shock 指“大为震惊“， 语气最强。以ing 结尾的形容词主要用于事物的描述，以-ed 结尾的形容词主要用于对人的描述。如：A shocked silence greeted the announcement.这个通知得到的反应是一片惊愕的沉默。amazed指“大为吃惊”。如：I was amazed at his calmness.我对他的镇定感到大为吃惊。at sea, on the sea, by sea, by the sea, in the sea以上几组词都含有sea 但与不同的介词连用，有不同的含义。at sea 指“在海上航行”如：We’re now been at sea three days.我们在海上航行已经三天了。on the sea 指“在海上”如：There were some boats sailing on the sea.在海上航行的船只。by sea 指“乘船”如：He traveled by air, but sent his heavy luggage by sea.by the sea 指“在海边” 如：She lives in a little cottage by the sea.她在海边的一所