[交通运输]2012国际物流.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Distributor as manufacturer (e.g. Electronics, Automotive) On the dealer’s behalf the distributor ships the product directly to the customer. Dealer provides value-added service at a fee. Manufacturer - or its subcontractor- builds the basic/generic product shell The shells are shipped to the distributor. Component suppliers establish a parts inventory in space shared with or near the distributor Customer orders the product thru’ retailer or manufacturer and is forwarded to distributor Distributor gathers the parts to assemble the product to customer’s specification Hybrid Model 混合模型 * Traditional Business Model ‘Monotonic’ Extended Business Enterprise ‘Synchronous’ Interchangeable sources of supply Fixed make/buy decisions Preferred suppliers with approved alternatives Strategic partnering Buffer inventory - reduces tension between organizations inflates working capital Lean, just-in-time inventory - reduces working capital Supply chain-wide planning Suppliers see immediate orders only Shared business goals and forecasts Collaborative planning and scheduling Standard order-to-cash cycle Purchase order/sales order/ invoice/cash Point-of-use consumption Vendor-managed inventory Consignment inventory Self-billing procedures Credit card purchases Traditional payment methods Electronic funds transfer EDI Electronic commerce Internet enablement Traditional vs Extended传统与延伸 * DESIGN PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION SALES MARKETING INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PLANNING CONTROL MANAGEMENT Vertical Integration (Conversion of Suppliers’ inputs/ Order Receipts into end-products services for customers) Horizontal Integration (Pooled technology, knowledge expertise - at same stage of chain) Vertical