[人文社科]关于英语句子成分整理.ppt

* 句子成分概述: 一个句子的各个组成部分,叫做句子成分.句子成分有主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute) 、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive). 句子除了上述几种基本成分外, 一些独立成分, 如插入语(Parenthesis)、呼语(Direct Address)和感叹语(Interjection)等. e.g. Sandy, be quick. 呼语 Oh, my God! 感叹语 It’s too expensive, I think. 插入语 主语 (1)主语成分 主语是句子所叙述的主体, 说明句子讲的人或事物. 可作主语的有: 名词 Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. b.代词 I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? c.数词 Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. d.动词不定式 To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. e.动名词短语 Smoking is harmful to the health. f.名词化的形容词或分词 The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. g.名词性短语 A man with a book is coming towards us. h. 主语从句 What he said is not true. (2) 形式主语 形式主语(Formal Subject)是代词it的一种用法.当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时,为使句子平衡, 一般用it作形式主语放在句首, 而将真正的主语当在谓语动词之后. It +谓语+动词不定式短语 It is a good habit to do morning exercises. It is difficult for him to give up smoking. b. It +谓语+动名词短语(主要用在以no good/use, useless, worthwhile, dangerous等词作表语的句子中) It is no use learning without thinking. It is dangerous playing with fire. c. It +谓语+名词性从句(真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句) It is a pity that you didn’t come to the party. It is said that nobody knows where he lives. 2. 谓语 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态, 由动词承担, 一般放在主语之后. He is a middle school student. The new term will begin on the 1st of September. His novel has been translated into English. 3. 宾语 (1)宾语成分 宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果, 是动作的承受 者. 宾语常用于及物动词之后, 称为动词宾语. 介词后面的名词或代词, 称为介词宾语. 名词 He lost his parents in his childhood. b.代词(人称代词用宾格) Everybody likes her. c.数词 ---How many chairs do you want? ---I want four. d.名词化的形容词和分词 The doctor is operating on the injured. e.动词不定式短语 I’d like to have some coffee. f.动名词短语 I haven’t finished reading your book yet. g.名词性短语或从句 I like coffee with some sugar. I think you are right