[信息与通信]变电站远方终端RTU设计论文.doc

 变电站远方终端RTU设计 摘 要 变电站远方终端（RTU）是变电站自动化的基础控制单元，对实现变电站自动化乃至配电自动化起着十分重要的作用。本论文设计了一种以通用型8位单片机为核心处理单元、具有高性能价格比的变电站自动化远方终端(RTU)的硬软件设计。 论文详细的介绍了变电站自动化的应用现状和发展情况AT89C51设计RTU控制器，此控制器包括了单片机最小系统、电压电流测量电路、开关量检测和控制电路、通信电路等。给出了RTU控制器硬件原理图、元器件清单和软件流程图。同时焊制了硬件电路板，搭建了实验平台，完成了电压电流的采集实验。实验结果精度较高，与预期结果相吻合。 关键词： AT89C51；单片机；RTU；变电站自动化；数据采集 Abstract Substation Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is the basic control unit of substation automation. It plays a very important role to the realization of substation automation and even distribution automation. This paper designs a kind of hardware and software about the substation automation remote terminal Unit(RTU), which uses the general-purpose 8-bit microcontroller as the core processing unit, with high cost performance. This paper describes the application status and development situation of substation automation and the accomplished function of substation remote terminal Unit(RTU) in detail. Using AT89C51 designs a RTU controller, which includes a minimum system of microcontroller, voltage and current measurement circuit, switch monitoring and control circuits and communication circuits. It shows the RTU controller hardware schematics, parts lists and software flow chart. At the same time, it has welded the hardware circuit board, built an experimental platform, and completed the acquisition of voltage and current experiments. It gets a high precision result, which is consistent with the expected results. Keywords：AT89C51；MCU；ubstation Automation；Data Acquisition 目 录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1绪论 11.1引言 1 1.2变电站自动化综述 1 1.3国内外现状及水平 2 1.4课题目的及意义 2 1.5论文的结构及章节安排 3 2变电站远方终端RTU 4 2.1变电站远方终端RTU发展状况 4 2.2 RTU功能 4 2.3 RTU技术指标 6 3变电站远方终端RTU硬件系统设计 8 3.1总体方案设计 8 3.2 AT89C51单片机最小系统设计 10 3.3开关量输入及输出电路设计 15 3.4模拟量输入电路设计 16 3.5人机接口单元设计 23 3.6通信电路设计 25 4变电站远方终端RTU软件系统设计 27 4.1软件系统设计思路 27 4.2 软件系统的程序流程图 28 4.3提高RTU控制器可靠性的措施 33 5 RTU电压采集实验 36 总结 37 参考文献 38 附录1 系统硬件原理图 39 附录2 元器件清单 40 附录3 A/D转换源程序 41 附录4 大学期间主要科研成果 46 致 谢 471 绪论 1.1 随着国民经济的发展和人民物质文化生活水平的不