构词法22.ppt

Unit 5 Grammar 构词法 (Word Formation) 英语主要有三种构词法: 1.派生(Derivation): 2.合成(Compounding): 3.转化(Conversion) 形容词: - al ; – an ; – ern; -ful ; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; - less 表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关 practical , American, southern , possible, active, native, rainy, careless 副词: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ,badly ,truly -ward (s) 表示方向 :towards, forward, outward (3) 合成动词 ①副词+动词 ill-treat 虐待 ②名词(代词)+动词 mass-produce 大规模生产 ③形容词+动词 safe-guard 保卫 ⑸.合成代词 some ,any, no, 可以与-thing, -one, -body 合成代词. 如: anybody , something 3.转化: 是由一词类转化为另一词类 ⑴动词转化为名词 We paid a visit to the park yesterday. 注意: 英语中常用 give, take, have, make 等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作. give a kick; take a seat, take a bath; have a swim, have a smoke; make a bet, make a decision 2.名词转化为动词 The hall can seat two thousand people They have booked their plane ticket. 4. 形容词转化为副词 How long is the line? (adj) How long have you lived in China? (adv) * * 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: happy---- unhappy (加前缀) ; ---- happiness (加后缀) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词 wood(木)+ cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻) 由一个词类转化为另一个词类: water (n.)水 ---- water (v.)浇水 Step 2 Match the prefix with its meaning. inter- tele- bio- ex- over- un- trans- en- mis- dis- non- re- il- sub- under- in- im- wrong too much again former/out under between below not far biology make across /move Step 3 Remember the prefix. inter- tele- bio- ex- over- trans- en- mis- re- sub- under- between far biology former/out too much across/move make wrong again Under below dis- non- il- in- im- un- not unfit, unfair, unknown non-payment(不支付) un- ; non- telephone, telescop