hr胸部影像.ppt

HRCT扫描技术 正常HRCT. 中央肺动脉。 支气管与相邻肺动脉直径大致相等。 肺动脉常分为两个直径相当的分支。 肺静脉常分成许多细小的分支,这些分支与主支构成直角。 叶间裂（厚度小于1mm，边缘光滑，均一厚度） 常见伪影 双侧下肺近心脏处，肺血管脉动伪影。低密度区， 可以错当作扩大的支气管。 常见伪影 主叶裂伪影。 常见伪影 血管双重伪影。 The Secondary Pulmonary Lobule肺小叶（直径1-2.5CM） 小叶支气管、终末细支气管 肺动脉pulmonary artery 小叶间隔interlobular septa 肺静脉pulmonary vein 腺泡pulmonary acini 正常小叶间隔normal septa 正常小叶中心动脉 centrilobular artery 2 肺静脉Pulmonary veins 胸部CT 两个窗：纵隔窗和肺窗 三个系统：管道系统；肺系统；淋巴系统 几个断面：头臂干平面；主动脉弓平面；奇静脉平面；肺动脉分叉平面；肺动脉窦平面；左右上肺静脉平面 Mediastinum Anterior: thymus, lymph nodes, mammary vessels Middle: pericardium, heart, great vessels, trachea, main bronchi, fat, nerves, lymph nodes Posterior: esophagus, descending aorta, nerves, azygos and hemiazygos veins, lymph nodes Carotid Arteries Level RCC: right common carotid LCC: left common carotid RSA: right subclavian artery LSA: left subclavian artery RBV: right brachiocephalic vein LBV: left brachiocephalic vein Brachiocephalic Artery Level (Sterno-clavicular Joint Level) BA: brachiocephalic artery SCJ: Sterno-clavicular Joint LCC: left common carotid LSA: left subclavian artery RBV: right brachiocephalic vein LBV: left brachiocephalic vein Aortic Arch Level SVC: superior vena cava IMV: internal mammary vessels ＊: pretracheal-retrocaval space Aortopulmonary Window Level SVC: superior vena cava AA: ascending aorta DA: descending aorta AZ: azygos Left Pulmonary Artery Level SVC: superior vena cava LPA: Left Pulmonary Artery Right Pulmonary Artery Level RPA: Right Pulmonary Artery A-ER: azygoesophageal recess Aortic Root Level A: aortic root LA: left atrium PA: pulmonary artery PV: pulmonary vein Cardiac Level LV: left ventricle RV: right ventricle LA: left atrium RA: right atrium IS: interventricular septum Right Lung Segments The apical segment (or S1 segment ) is shaped like a truncated cone with its broadest base located superiorly filling the cupula of the lung. This segment thus extends over the pulmonary apex but does not extend inferiorly to the interlo