考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析4.docVIP

One of the silliest things in our recent history was the use of “Victorian” as a term of contempt or abuse. It had been made fashionable by Lytton Strachey with his clever， superficial and ultimately empty book Eminent Victorians， in which he damned with faint praise such Victorian heroes as General Gordon and Florence Nightingale. Strachey’s demolition job was clever because it ridiculed the Victorians for exactly those qualities on which they prided themselves—their high mindedness， their marked moral intensity， their desire to improve the human condition and their confidence that they had done so. Yet one saw， even before the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria this year， that there were signs these sneering attitudes were beginning to change. Programmes on radio and television about Victoria and the age that was named after her managed to humble themselves only about half the time. People were beginning to realize that there was something heroic about that epoch and， perhaps， to fear that the Victorian age was the last age of greatness for this country. Now a new book， What The Victorians Did For Us， aims further to redress the balance and remind us that， in most essentials， our own age is really an extension of what the Victorians created. You can start with the list of Victorian inventions. They were great lovers of gadgets from the smallest domestic ones to new ways of propelling ships throughout the far-flung Empire. In medicine， anaesthesia （developed both here and in America） allowed surgeons much greater time in which to operate—and hence to work on the inner organs of the body—not to mention reducing the level of pain and fear of patients. To the Victorians we also owe lawn tennis， a nationwide football association under the modern rules， powered funfair rides， and theatres offering mass entertainment. And， of course， the modern seaside is almost entirely a Victorian invention. There is， of course， a darker side to the Victorian period. Ever