电子设计电子设计竞赛.doc

摘 要 20世纪最后20年，以电子信息及其技术为先导和显著标志，国外发达国家(尤其是美国)信息产业取得了突破性进展，现代信息产业的形成时间虽不长，但是其发展速度之快、扩展规模之广、影响力度之大，是过去任何产业部门的发展所无法比拟的。 Abstract: In the 20th century, in the last 20 years of electronic information and technology as the guide, and the developed countries (particularly in America) information industry achieved breakthrough, modern information industry formed not long, but its fast development and expansion of the scale and influence of strength, is the development of any industrial sectors. Along with the rapid development of electronic information, makes the life of people began to diversification and intelligent, such as: acoustic electric lighting circuit, intelligent vehicles, household appliances, medical, military intelligence in Fang Ming also widely application. The design is simple, innovation principles such as follows, design and manufactures a sports bar length measurement device, can finish a total length, length and sticks to the number of the sticks and measuring, speech function. Using ATmega16 microcontroller as the core, with minimal system realization nokia5110 LCD display, the length and the number of ultrasonic sensor length measurement and realize voice broadcasts modules realize wood, photoconductive resistance and the direction of the number. 【Keywords】 ATmega16，Nokia5110LCD，Ultrasonic sensors, photoconductive resistance, the length measurement. 一、方案与比较论证比较论证AT89C52是一个低电压，高性能CMOS 8位单片机，52单片机的内部RAM是256字节00H-7FH既可直接寻址又可间接寻址高128字节RAM 80H-FFH与SFR区在地址上的重垒的，但物理上分开这部分对SFR直接寻址，对RAM间接寻址都是00H-FFH还多了一个定时器251的内部RAM是128字节00H-7FH既可直接寻址又可间接寻址 80H-FFH为SFR区只能直接寻址00H-FFH可选择型号种类多 因此根据本题的需要，选择第三种方案。 2.2 长度测量、计量装置 方案一：超声波传感器以其信息处理简单、价格低廉、硬件容易实现、指向性特别强的优点，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远超声波是一种在弹性介质中的机械振荡 ,传播速度仅为光波的百万分之一 ,纵向分辨率较高.超声波对色彩、光照度、外界光线和电磁场不敏感 ,因此超声测距对于被测物处于黑暗、有灰尘或烟雾、强电磁干扰、有毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适应能力 ,在机器人避障和定位、倒车雷达、物体识别等方面有着广泛的运用。由于超声传播不易受干扰 , 能量消耗缓慢 , 在介质中传播的距离较远 , 因而超声波经常用于距离的测量.超声波发射模块中采用555定时器构成的时基电路，接收电路使用SONY公司的CX20106A红外检测专用芯片，接收电路所要完成的更主要任务是将特定频率的信号处理为能触发单片机中断的信号，可以是脉冲或者