[工学]The Optics of Spectroscopy.doc

The Optics of Spectroscopy - A TUTORIAL By J.M. Lerner and A. Thevenon Section 1: DIFFRACTION GRATINGS RULED HOLOGRAPHIC 1.1 Basic Equations 1.2 Angular Dispersion 1.3 Linear Dispersion 1.4 Wavelength and Order 1.5 Resolving Power 1.6 Blazed Gratings 1.6.1 Littrow Condition 1.6.2 Efficiency Profiles 1.6.3 Efficiency and Order 1.7 Diffraction Grating Stray Light 1.7.1 Scattered Light 1.7.2 Ghosts 1.8 Choice of Gratings 1.8.1 When to Choose a Holographic Grating 1.8.2 When to Choose a Ruled Grating Section 2:MONOCHROMATORS SPECTROGRAPHS 2.1 Basic Designs 2.2 FastieEbert Configuration 2.3 CzernyTurner Configuration 2.4 CzernyTurner/FastieEbert PGS Aberrations 2.4.1 Aberration Correcting Plane Gratings 2.5 Concave Aberration Corrected Holographic Gratings 2.6 Calculating alpha and beta in a Monochromator Configuration 2.7 Monochromator System Optics 2.8 Aperture Stops and Entrance and Exit Pupils 2.9 Aperture Ratio (f/value,f/Number),and Numerical Aperture (NA) 2.9.1 f/value of a Lens System 2.9.2 f/value of a Spectrometer 2.9.3 Magnification and Flux Density 2.10 Exit Slit Width and Anamorphism 2.11 Slit Height Magnification 2.12 Bandpass and Resolution 2.12.1 Influence of the Slits (P1(l)) 2.12.2 Influence of Diffraction P2 (l)) 2.12.3 Influence of Aberrations (P3 (l)) 2.12.4 Determination of the FWHM of the Instrumental Profile 2.12.5 Image Width and Array Detectors 2.12.6 Discussion 2.13 Order and Resolution 2.14 Dispersion and Maximum Wavelength 2.15 Order and Dispersion 2.16 Choosing a Monochromator/Spectrograph Section 3: SPECTROMETER THROUGHPUT ETENDUE 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Introduction to Etendue 3.2 Relative System Throughput 3.2.1 Calculation of the Etendue 3.3 Flux Entering the Spectrometer 3.4 Example of Complete System Optimization with a Small Diameter Fiber Optic Light Source 3.5 Example of Complete System Optimization with an Extended Light Source 3.6 Variation of Throughput and Bandpass with Slit Widths 3.6.1 Continuous Spectral Source 3