[理学]化合物命名.ppt

Ⅲ. Salts Note: ⑴ No numeric prefix is needed. ⑵ Roman numeral in parentheses should be used to indicate the oxidation state for those elements having more than one oxidation number. ⑴ Write the first element name, and its chemical valence should be presented in Roman numeral if the element has more than two oxidation state. Examples for Salts containing oxygen atoms ： Ⅳ. Coordination compounds 1、 阳离子和阴离子独立命名，先阳离子后阴离子； Na[B(NO3)4] sodium tetranitratoborate(III) Ⅴ. Others Binary compounds : oxides and halides. 牛能吃 2 * undeca hendeca Ⅺ 11 deca Ⅹ 10 ennea nona Ⅸ 9 octa Ⅷ 8 septi hepta Ⅶ 7 sexi/ hexakis hexa Ⅵ 6 quinqui/ pentakis penta Ⅴ 5 quadric/ tetrakis tetra Ⅳ 4 ter、tris tri Ⅲ 3 bi、bis di Ⅱ 2 uni mono Ⅰ 1 semi hemi 1/2 拉丁文 希腊文 罗马字母 阿拉伯数字 I. Presentations of numbers II、Symbols , nomenclatures and stems of nonmetal elements cyan- cyanogen CN brom- bromine Br iod- iodine I hydrox- hydroxy OH carb/carbon- carbon C chlor- chlorine Cl fluor- fluorine F sulf-/sulfur- sulfur S ox- oxygen O phosph-/phosphor phosphorus P nitr- nitrogen N bor- boron B hydro- hydrogen H Stem Element Symbol wolfram tungsten W mangan manganese Mn argentum silver Ag niccolum nickel Ni aurum natrium kalium stannum plumbum ferrum hydrargyrum cuprum 拉丁文名 gold Au sodium Na potassium K tin Sn lead Pb ferr- iron Fe mercur- mercury Hg cupr- copper Cu Stem 英文名 元素符号 platinum Pt zinc Zn cobalt Co cadmium Cd chromium Cr calcium Ca barium Ba aluminum Al silicon Si magnesium Mg 英文名 元素符号 Symbols , nomenclatures and stems of metal elements (2) Rules of nomenclature Hydrocyanic ~ Hydrosulfuric ~ Hydroiodic ~ 命名 HCN H2S HI 分子式 Hydrobromic ~ Hydrochloric ~ Hydrofluoric ~ 命名 HBr HCl HF 分子式 I. Acid a. Acid containing no oxygen atoms Name of compound : Hydro + stem (2) + ic + acid per-CE-ic “高”；CE-ic “正”； CE-ous “亚”；hypo-CE-ous “次” + acid b. Acid containing oxygen atoms Note：CE- stem of the central element. Compositions of Acid (ternary compounds): H, O, and the thir