[中考]语法情态动词、虚拟语气.ppt

5．ought to＋have done 表示过去应做某事而实际未做，其否定式是“ought not to＋不定式完成式”，此时ought to可与should换用。 What you ought to have done is call the police. 你早该报警了。 6．needn’t＋have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。 Terence has done so little work，he needn’t have bothered to come to school today. 特伦斯几乎没做什么功课，他今天其实就不用来学校。 1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 虚拟语气 虚拟语气用于状语从句中 条件从句 主句 例句 与现在事实相反 If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)＋动词过去式(be的形式一律用were) I (we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If he were indoors，he wouldn’t feel so cold. 条件从句 主句 例句 与过去事实相反 If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)had＋过去分词 I (we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋have done If you had taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. 与将来事实相反 A式：If＋主语＋一般过去式 B式：If＋主语＋were to do C式：If＋主语＋should do I (we，you，he，she，it，they) would/should/could/might＋动词原形 A：If he were here this evening，we would play cards. B：If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. C：If she should know it，she would tell me. 2.虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。 If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在→过去) If they had left home in early morning，they would arrive in half an hour. 要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。(过去→将来) 3．有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with，without，but for等。 But for your help，we couldn’t have succeeded. 要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we could have managed it without you. 感谢你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的劳动，我们不可能做成。 She wasn’t feeling well，otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early. 她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。 4．若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。 Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus. 你要是来早点的话，你就会赶上车了。 5．有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。 If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在) 1．用于wish后的宾语从句中 与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had＋过去分词或would/could have done；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should (could，might)＋动词原形。 虚拟语气用于名词性从