英语写作：段落展开.doc

英语写作之段落展开 总体介绍 考生写的文章基本上是议论文、说明文和记叙文。 下面介绍广泛用于这三种文体的一些扩展段落的 方法。它们是： （1）举例法； （2）描述法； （3）陈述原因理由法； （4）定义法； （5）比较对比法； （6）分类法。 1. 举例法 什么是举例法？ 举例法是通过提供实例来扩展段落的一种方法。这是一种常用的而且易于为初学者掌握的段落展开法。它用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的支配思想，展开支配思想中所概括的尚未展开的内涵，用实例来支持主题句中的观点，从而使其得到较为充分和完整的表达。 举例法讲解 请看下面的段落： Books are of various kinds and different contents. We have history books recording past events, geography books dealing with the earth, mathematics books focusing on space and numbers, language books studying the means of communication and literary books reflecting social problems. In a word, we have various books dealing with different things in the world. 具体分析 这个段落的主题句显然是“Books are of various kinds and different contents.”“various kinds and different contents”是支配思想。在段落展开中，作者用了“history books”、“geography books”、“mathematics books”、“language books”和“literary books”五个具体实例，展开了主题句中的一个支配思想：“of various kinds”。同时，作者又举了五个实例来展开另一个支配思想：“of different contents”。这些不同的内容包括：“dealing with the earth”、“recording past events”、“focusing on space and numbers”、“studying the means of communication”和“reflecting social problems”。所以，作者成功地运用了有关的实例，很好地围绕着支配思想展开了段落。 找出主题句、支配思想和扩展段落的句子 In order to prevent non-smokers from being affected, measures must be taken to reduce the chances of smoking. A lot of work can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such as in theatres, cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train or plane people should not allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers, government leaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness and dangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers, broadcast, or TV programmes. Also, the growing of tobacco and the production of cigarettes should not be encouraged. Only in this way can we effectively reduce the chances of smoking. Topic sentence：_________________ The controlling idea：_____________ Example 1：_____________________ Example 2：_____________________ Example 3：_____________________ Exam