北美原住民神幻美学.ppt

北美原住民神幻美學 北美原住民神幻美學 大綱 1. The Indian Picture Opera (E. Curtis,1911-1912) 2. Pocahontas (1995) 3. Smoke Signal (Sherman Alexie, 1997) 4. A Proposal for the Study of North American Indian “Fanthology”; Fantasy + Mythology; Northrop Frye + Rosemary Jackson + Gerald Vizenor Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952) Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) The North American Indian (1907) In the Land of the Head-Hunters (1915) Mythologizing the “Indian” (1-3) When the Spanish conquistadors appeared on their horizons in the sixteenth century, elders of the Hopi people advanced to greet the soldiers in the belief that the Spaniards were representatives of their long lost white brothers. Contacts between whites and Indians like this--together with encounters which proved bloody from the start brought North American Indian peoples into the consciousness of Europeans, and into the consciousness of those Europeans who, through the formative experiences associated with migration across seas and settlement in strange lands, became white Americans. (Mick Gidley) Mythologizing the “Indian” (2-3) The whites at once started to mythologize: the Indians who helped the Mayflower settlers survive their first winter in the New World became noble savages, those who threatened Captain John Smith with execution became bloodthirsty villains, and those who exchanged Manhattan Island for a few beads and trinkets became both fools and benefactors. I am, of course, oversimplifying a long and painful history of the construction of what one scholar, Robert Berkhofer, has called the white mans Indian. (Mick Gidley, University of Leeds) Mythologizing the “Indian” (3-3) But when the seeming white brother appeared on the mesas of Arizona in the sixteenth century, the Hopi had been expecting him for hundreds of years. That is, they had an extensive history quite their own, and a corresponding literature. Indeed, all of the Indian peoples--however much the coming of horses and other later imports affected the bases of