(初中英语复合句总复习).doc

Handout for The Mainly Revision of the Complex Sentences in Junior English (初中英语复合句总复习) 初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：The Object Clause (宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。 Ⅰ. The Object Clause (宾语从句) 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。 A)??? Introduced by that 主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster. I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now. Note: 1.????? that 的省略： that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。 e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait. 2.????? 宾语从句的否定转移： 主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。 误：I think chickens can not swim. 正：I don’t think chickens can swim. 此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较： I think he is wrong, isn’t he? He thinks he is right, doesn’t he? B)??? Introduced by if/whether if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如： e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain. Note: 只用whether的六种情况： 1.????? 在带to的动词不定式前 He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 2.????? 在介词后 I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. 3.????? 直接与or not连用时 I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us. 4.????? 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中 We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next wek. 5.????? 宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 6.????? 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether Whether he is right or wrong is a question. C) Introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs（连接代词和连接副词） 一、构成： 1. 宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引导，它们在宾语从句 中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。 Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主语) Did you hear what he said